Complexity And Criticality

Автор: Kim Christensen, Nicholas R. Moloney

Език:

Корици: С твърди корици

Издател: Imperial College Press

Наличност: Външен склад

Изпращаме след 10-13 дни

114.35 € 223.65 лв

This book provides a challenging and stimulating introduction to the contemporary topics of complexi...

Информация за книгата

Автор

Kim Christensen, Nicholas R. Moloney

Език

Английски език

Корици

Книга - С твърди корици

Издадена

2005

страници

408

EAN

9781860945045

ISBN

186094504X

Enbook ID

05121777

Издател

Imperial College Press

Теглоt

774

Размери

158 x 233 x 23

Пълно описание

This book provides a challenging and stimulating introduction to the contemporary topics of complexity and criticality, and explores their common basis. Criticality refers to the behaviour of extended systems at a phase transition where scale invariance prevails; the many constituent microscopic parts bringing about macroscopic phenomena that cannot be understood by considering a single part alone. The phenomenology of phase transitions is introduced by considering percolation, a simple model with a purely geometrical percolating phase transition, thus enabling the reader to become intuitively familiar with concepts such as scale invariance and renormalisation. The Ising model, meanwhile, is a simple model capturing the phase transition from a disordered to an ordered system as the temperature is lowered in zero external field. By emphasising analogies between percolation and the Ising model, the reader's intuition of phase transitions is developed so that the underlying theoretical formalism may be appreciated fully. These equilibrium systems undergo a phase transition only if an external agent finely tunes certain external parameters to particular values. Besides fractals and phase transitions, there are many examples in Nature of the emergence of such complex behaviour in slowly driven non-equilibrium systems: earthquakes in seismic systems, avalanches in granular media and rainfall in the atmosphere. A class of non-equilibrium systems, with no constraints in having to tune external parameters to obtain critical behaviour, is addressed in the framework of simple models, revealing that repeated application of simple rules might spontaneously give rise to emergent complex behaviour not encoded in the rules themselves. The common basis of complexity and criticality is identified and applied to a range of non-equilibrium systems. Finally, the reader is invited to speculate whether self-organisation in non-equilibrium systems might be a unifying concept for disparate fields such as statistical mechanics, geophysics and atmospheric physics.

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