Continued high rates of divorce and non-maritalchildbirths have increased the number ofnon-custodial fathers and present new challenges toperforming traditional father roles. Only recentlyhave judicial, family practice, and researchcommunities viewed non-custodial fathers outside thetraditional role expectation of child supportcompliance and acknowledged that beyond theirfinancial contributions, father presence isimportant in child development. Based on thetraditions of role theory (Biddle and Thomas, 1979)and self-efficacy theory (Bandura, 1997), this studyexamined non-custodial fathers and their involvementwith their child. Study results suggest parentsatisfaction had the largest direct effect onpaternal involvement while co-parentingrelationships had a minor effect. The large effectof parent satisfaction on paternal involvement mayhave been moderated by the non-custodialfathers participation in the Erie Family Center forChild Development Fatherhood Initiatives.Implications for social work practiceand social welfare policy are discussed.