This book presents state-of-the-art computational§attention models that have been successfully tested in diverse application§areas and can build the foundation for artificial systems to efficiently§explore, analyze, and understand natural scenes. It gives a comprehensive overview of the most recent§computational attention models for processing visual and acoustic input. It§covers the biological background of visual and auditory attention, as well as bottom-up and top-down attentional§mechanisms and discusses various applications. In the first part new approaches§for bottom-up visual and acoustic saliency models are presented and applied to§the task of audio-visual scene exploration of a robot. In the second part the§influence of top-down cues for attention modeling is investigated.§